with different 5-year projections of cash flows. The evaluation done to the two corporations (A and B) is based on the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The net present value represents the value the project or investment adds to the investor wealth. The NPV method of capital budgeting suggests that all projects that have positive NPV should be accepted because they would add value to the investment. On the other hand‚ the internal rate of return is defined as the discount
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Chapter 13 Real Options and Other Topics in Capital Budgeting Learning Objectives After reading this chapter‚ the student should be able to: Explain why conventional NPV analysis may not capture a project’s impact on the firm’s opportunities. Identify five different types of real options. Explain what an abandonment/shutdown option is‚ give an example of a project that includes this type of option‚ and explain what an option value is. Explain what a decision tree is and provide an example of
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present value In finance‚ the net present value (NPV) or net present worth (NPW) of a time series of cash flows‚ both incoming and outgoing‚ is defined as the sum of the present values (PVs) of the individual cash flows. In case when all future cash flows are incoming (such as coupons and principal of a bond) and the only outflow of cash is the purchase price‚ the NPV is simply the PV of future cash flows minus the purchase price (which is its own PV). NPV is a central tool in discounted cash flow (DCF)
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CAPITAL BUDGETING Cost of Capital Evaluating Cash Flows Payback‚ discounted payback NPV IRR‚ MIRR The Cost of Capital • Cost of Capital Components – Debt – Common Equity • WACC Should we focus on historical (embedded) costs or new (marginal) costs? The cost of capital is used primarily to make decisions which involve raising and investing new capital. So‚ we should focus on marginal costs. What types of long-term capital do organizations use? nLong-term debt nEquity Weighted
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Cross-Border Valuation Question 1 There are two ways to compute the projects NPV. The first approach is to calculate it in Mexican Pesos and then change the resulting figure into Euros at the spot rate of MXN15.99/EUR. Note that the discount rate that we have used was the yield on the long-term peso-denominated corporate bonds. Below is the screenshot showing how we have done this. Computing NPV in Mexican Pesos (resulting NPV in Euros is 138‚902) Question 2 The second approach is to transfer each
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because it payback period is less than the 4 year maximum payback period 3.65years < 4 years ---------------------------------------- PART B: NPV &IRR LATHE A NPV & IRR years 0 1 2 3 4 5 cash flow (660‚000) 128‚000 182‚000 166‚000 168‚000 450‚000 cash flows (360‚000) 88‚000 120‚000 96‚000 86‚000 207‚000 LATHE B NPV & IRR PV Factor @13% 1 0.885 0.783 0.693 0.613 0.543 PV Factor @13% 1 0.885 0.783 0.693 0.613 0.543 PV (660‚000) 113‚274 142
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CHAPTER 8 MAKING CAPITAL INVESTMENT DECISIONS Answers to Concept Questions 1. In this context‚ an opportunity cost refers to the value of an asset or other input that will be used in a project. The relevant cost is what the asset or input is actually worth today‚ not‚ for example‚ what it cost to acquire. 2. a. Yes‚ the reduction in the sales of the company’s other products‚ referred to as erosion‚ should be treated as an incremental cash flow. These lost sales are included because
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a firm’s future Should we build this plant? All rights reserved - Christopher B. Alt 2 Key Steps in Capital Budgeting Estimate CFs (inflows & outflows) Assess riskiness of CFs Determine the appropriate cost of capital Find NPV and/or IRR Accept if NPV > 0 and/or IRR > WACC All rights reserved - Christopher B. Alt 3 Independent vs. Mutually Exclusive Projects Independent projects: if the cash flows of one are unaffected by the acceptance of the other Mutually exclusive projects:
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NPVs are easy to determine using a calculator with an NPV function. NPVL = $18.78 and NPVS = $19.98. Answer 2: The rationale behind the NPV method is straightforward: if a project has NPV = $0‚ then the project generates exactly enough cash flows to recover the cost of the investment and to enable investors to earn their required rates of return (the opportunity cost of capital). If NPV = $0‚ then in a financial (but not an accounting) sense‚ the project breaks even. If the NPV is positive
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---------------------------------------- PART B: NPV &IRR LATHE A NPV & IRR LATHE B NPV & IRR years cash flow PV Factor @13% PV cash flows PV Factor @13% PV 0 (660‚000) 1 (660‚000) (360‚000) 1 (360‚000) 1 128‚000 0.885 113‚274 88‚000 0.885 77‚876 2 182‚000 0.783 142‚533 120‚000 0.783 93‚978 3 166‚000 0.693 115‚046 96‚000 0.693 66‚533 4 168‚000 0.613 103‚038 86‚000 0.613 52‚745 5 450‚000 0.543 244‚242 207‚000 0.543 112‚351 NPVA 58‚133 NPVB 43‚483 IRRA 16% IRRB 17% ACCEPTABILTY OF EACH PROJECT: Under the NPV calculations both
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