BUSINESS CYCLES Trend and cycle of the business cycle Phases of the cycle Pro‐cyclical‚ counter‐cyclical‚ and a‐cyclical variables Lead‚ lagged‚ and contemporary variables Stylized facts and cyclical behavior of key macroeconomic variables 2 BUSINESS CYCLES Over time GDP grows but not in a linear way GDP 2006 constant prices (in logs) 6.5 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.5 3 BUSINESS CYCLES Time Series Components 1. 2. 3. 4. Trend (long‐run) Cycle (short‐run)
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Question: How does mitosis produce new cells‚ and how is mitosis the same and different? Materials: - Compound microscope - Alliums root slide - Whitefish embryo slide - Power supply Procedure: Refer to page 48 and 49 in the textbook. Results: See attached sheet for drawings of my results. Discussion: Analyze and interpret question 1 and 2 on page 49. 1. The cells in the root tip region of the alliums differ quite a bit from the cells that are found deeper in the root. First
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and animal cells have several differences and similarities. For example‚ animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts but plant cells do. Animal cells are round and irregular in shape while plant cells have fixed‚ rectangular shapes. Animal Cell Plant Cell Cell wall Absent Present (formed of cellulose) Shape Round (irregular shape) Rectangular (fixed shape) Vacuole One or more small vacuoles (much smaller than plant cells). One‚ large central vacuole taking up 90% of cell volume.
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PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL LECTURER : ENCIK AZHAR GROUP’S NAME : 2. Mohd Alimi 3. Suraya Hani 4. Norhaswana CONTENT INTRODUCTION 3 WHAT IS CELL? 4-5 HISTORY OF CELLS DISCOVERY 6 ANIMAL CELL 7 PLANT CELL
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Describe the normal process of cell division (mitosis)‚ and explain how this process is affected in the abnormal growth of tumours Cell division is important as it allows cells to reproduce also they divide so that organs can grow and be repaired. “In the form of cell division called Mitosis‚ one cell divides into two daughter cells‚ each of them then complete but smaller than the original cell.” [1] The cell cycle is a seven stage process by which a cell duplicates itself and divides in two.
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Review of 53BP1 inhibitory mechanism in Homologous Recombination in Brca1-Deficient Cells by Blocking Resection of DNA Breaks and Its Chemotherapeutic Implication BRCA1 is tumor repressor gene and plays an important role in breast cancer development. In the DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair‚ loss of BRCA1 contributes to defective homologous recombination (HR) and predominant non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)‚ which leads to significant defects in genomic stability with increased amount of
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Cell Structure and Function Chapter Outline Cell theory Properties common to all cells Cell size and shape – why are cells so small? Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells Organelles and structure in all eukaryotic cell Organelles in plant cells but not animal Cell junctions History of Cell Theory mid 1600s – Anton van Leeuwenhoek Improved microscope‚ observed many living cells mid 1600s – Robert Hooke Observed many cells including cork cells 1850 – Rudolf Virchow
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Cell Organelles Nucleus Its function is to control the cell’s activities and retain the chromosomes. The nucleus is bound by a double membrane‚ the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope has pores in it to allow the transport of mRNA. The cytoplasm like material is called nucleoplasm which contains chromatin (coils of DNA and histone proteins)‚ it is chromatin that condenses to form chromosomes during cell division. Within the nucleus is a small spherical body called the nucleolus which
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The Calvin Cycle Plants use energy from the sun in tiny energy factories called chloroplasts. Using chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis‚ they convert the sun’s energy into storable form in ordered sugar molecules such as glucose. In this way‚ carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil in a more disordered state are combined to form the more ordered sugar molecules. Carbon dioxide is captured in a cycle of reactions known as the Calvin cycle or the Calvin-Benson cycle after its
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Menstrual Cycle Assignment 1a) X = FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) Z= LH (luteinizing hormone) 1b) W=Estrogen‚ Z= progesterone 1c) W + Z (Estrogen and progesterone) display negative feedback loops 2d) See separate sheet 2e) 14th day of cycle = ovulation day 2f) Temperature remains somewhat constant‚ but it reaches 38.4 degrees Celsius at ovulation and then gradually decreases during the rest of the menstrual cycle until menses (some exceptions apply). 2g) If no corpus luteum exists then
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