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week two article review The Division of Labor in Society Emile Durkheim is considered one of the "fathers" of sociology because of his effort to establish sociology
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Submitted by erinsmcool on April 5, 2007
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The Division of Labor in Society
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Emile Durkheim is considered one of the "fathers" of sociology because of his effort to establish sociology as a discipline distinct from philosophy and psychology. In the Division of Labor this work Durkheim discusses how modern society is held together by a division of labor that makes individuals dependent upon one another because they specialize in different types of work. Durkheim is particularly concerned about how the division of labor changes the way that individuals feel they are part of society as a whole. Societies with little division of labor (i.e., where people are self-sufficient) are unified by mechanical solidarity; all people engage in similar tasks and thus have similar responsibilities, which builds a strong collective conscience. Modern society, however, is held together by organic solidarity (the differences between people), which weakens collective conscience. Durkheim studied these different types of solidarity through laws. A society with mechanical solidarity is characterized by repressive law, while a society with organic solidarity is characterized by restitutive law.
There are two kinds of positive solidarity which are distinguishable
The Division3
by the following qualities: the first binds the individual directly to society without any intermediary. In the second, he depends upon society, because he depends upon the parts of which it is composed. Society is not seen in the same aspect in the two cases. In the first, what we call society is a more or less organized totality of beliefs and sentiments common to all the members of the group: this is the collective type. On the other hand, the society in which we are solidity in the second instance is a system of different, special functions which definite relations unite. These two societies really make up only one. They are two aspects of one and the same reality, but none the less they must be distinguished.
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