OPPapers.com Essay Index >> Psychology >> The Ultimatum Game
We have many free term papers and essays on The Ultimatum Game. We also have a wide variety of research papers and book reports available to you for free. You can browse our collection of term papers or use our search engine.
The Ultimatum Game. The Ultimatum Game (UG) is a test of the self-interest model
and has been used to analyze certain aspects of bargaining behavior. ...
... A study was done on this by the “Ultimatum Game,” whereby “The first player
proposes how to divide a sum of money with the second party. ...
... Although this is an unethical behavior, it is part of the game. ... As an employee you
do not have the ability to change the ultimatum; complete the assignments ...
... Skyrms’ writing goes beyond traditional game theory, and exposes some weaknesses
in its ... The ultimatum the author introduces in the first chapter serves as a ...
... into their tight nit community and the approach he took on the game of basketball. ...
Jimmy gave the community an ultimatum “I play coach stays, coach goes I go ...
Submitted by lampl on May 15, 2008
Category: Psychology
Words: 1129 | Pages: 5
Views: 42
Popularity Rank: 110,039
Average Member Grade: N/A (Add a Comment / Grade this Paper)
The Ultimatum Game (UG) is a test of the self-interest model and has been used to analyze certain aspects of bargaining behavior. It is played a single time in pairs of players who do not know one another. The two players are assigned the role of either proposer or responder. The two divide a sum of money, with the proposer specifying the terms of division. The responder has the option of accepting or declining the proposer’s offer. If the offer is accepted, the sum is divided as proposed; if the offer is rejected, both players get nothing.
Economic models assume that players are rational and selfish in their decision-making, hence it is predicted that proposers will offer the smallest share possible and responders will accept any positive offer because the alternative is a zero payoff (Wallace, Cesarini, Lichtenstein & Johannesson, 2007). Experiments have shown that those who demand more will often get more (Myers, 2008). However, results demonstrate that players rarely employ the rational strategy. Proposers typically make offers of 40 to 50% and responders routinely reject offers under 20% (Jensen, Call & Tomasello, 2007). This leaves both parties with lower outcomes than they would have achieved had they acted in accordance with the self-interest model.
Tripp, Sondak and Bies suggest that people look for more than material rewards in their negotiations (as cited in Pillutla & Murnighan, 1996). People are concerned with the interests of others and are sensitive to norms of cooperation and fairness (Jensen et al., 2007). When faced with an unfair offer, responders experience a conflict between an emotional “reject” decision provoked by the unfairness of the offer and a rational “accept” decision based on the desire to maximize one's gain. The rejections of responders show that anger to unfairness overrides the rational choice of accepting any positive offer. This runs contrary to Miller’s prediction, where when faced...
You must Login to view the entire paper.
If you are not a member yet, Sign Up for free!