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Tuckman's Team Development Analysis

"Tuckman's model is sequential, developmental and thematic. It is sequential in
that the stages occur in a specifically stated order. Each stage will occur naturally,
with the timing dependent on the nature of the group, group membership and
group leadership.
The model is developmental in that the issues and concerns in each stage must be
resolved in order for the group to move to the next stage. If the group is not able to
resolve such issues and concerns, members experience either conflict or apathy,
which becomes the dominant group behaviour. If continued attempts to resolve the
impasse fail, group disintegration occurs. Successful groups meet and resolve the
challenges presented, so growth occurs.
The model is thematic in that each stage is characterised by two dominant themes,
one reflecting the task dimension and one reflecting the relationship dimension, as
noted in the following table. These themes provide realistic expectations of group
behaviour. This is particularly to those in leadership positions, because they can
base their behaviour and interventions on these expectations. Appropriate leader
interventions then can facilitate the group development process.

The initial stage of small-group development is characterised by a movement toward
awareness. In the process of forming, the groups task behaviour is an attempt to become
oriented to the goals and procedures of the group. The amount of information available
and the manner in which it is presented is critical to group development. Resolving
dependency issues and testing are the major relationship behaviours. Understanding
leadership roles and getting acquainted with other group members, facilitates group
development at this stage.
When orientation and dependency issues are resolved, conflict begins to emerge,
signalling the second stage of group development. The storming process involves
resistance or emotional responses to task demands and interpersonal hostility in...