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Submitted by jamie05 on May 27, 2008
Category: Miscellaneous
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In a theory first posited by Edward Sapir, and later by his student Benjamin Lee Whorf, the structure of a language allows people to classify and understand their experiences and, consequentially, language is directly correlated with its speaker’s perception of the world (Danesi 2004: 14). Stemming from this proposal, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson wrote Metaphors We Live By in which they provided evidence that metaphorical meanings are used systematically to link abstract concepts to more concrete concepts (107). They posited that humans create image schemas which act as cognitive templates that can be used to process abstract ideas. These image schemas are used in conceptual metaphors such as [people are animals] as in That girl is a fox or [life is a journey] as in I’m in a dead-end job. As first explored by Sapir and Whorf and later expanded by Lakoff and Johnson, I seek to show the conceptual metaphor [time is space] as evidence of the role of language in its speaker’s perception of abstract temporal concepts. This thesis can be supported through the applications of the Metaphoric Mapping Theory, Boroditsky’s Metaphoric Structuring View, and by evaluating the dominant uses of spatial metaphors to understand abstract concepts.
As originally described by Lakoff, the Metaphoric Mapping Theory treats metaphor as a powerful computational ability that defines human cognition in its linking of similar relational structures of different conceptual domains (Kemmerer 2005: 798). In its application to the metaphor [time is space], the abstract concept of time is associated with a person’s perceived place in time. Spatial terms are more concrete and provide a structure in which to describe time. Linguists are split in this viewpoint; a strong view and a weak view of this theory are presented. The strong view insists that spatial terms are always related to time structure (798). The weak view holds that temporal meanings do not necessarily depend on the...
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