The Internet
Lecture 8 :
Internet
The student will have a knowledge of the following:
•History of the Internet •Internet Access •Common services provided by the Internet •Internet and Society
By Mrs D.M.Narrainen, SBMF, UTM
DEFINITIONS
• Internet is based on a client-server model.
• Client is the end user’s computer (with software) that sends requests to a server. • Server is a remote computer (with software) that handles requests from clients.
2
History of the Internet
1958: – The Advance Research Agency Program (ARPA - USA), created the Information Processing Technology Office which started investigating the potential of universal networking. – Packet switching routes packets of data over a network from the originating node to the destination node, optimises the use of the channels available in a network, allowing for more data to be sent per unit time.
1969: – The world’s first operational packet switching network went live at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles). The network was named ARPANET. – The ARPANET was designed to be robust and reliable, such that it 3 could survive network losses.
History of the Internet
1978 – The British Post Office, Western Union International and Tymnet, built on the ARPANET to produce the first international packet switched network, the International Packet Switched Service (IPSS). – The Assembler/Disassembler was used to reconstruct data from packets received or to break a stream of data into packets.
4
1985 – The National Science Foundation in the US constructed a university network backbone based on a TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) works as follows: • TCP – does the packeting of messages and reassembling of the message IP – handles the addressing • The open network allowed academic researchers in the US to access supercomputers. • The NSFNet went online in 1986 using the TCP/IP-based technology from ARPANET. 1993 • The first published specification for HTML was
Internet
The student will have a knowledge of the following:
•History of the Internet •Internet Access •Common services provided by the Internet •Internet and Society
By Mrs D.M.Narrainen, SBMF, UTM
DEFINITIONS
• Internet is based on a client-server model.
• Client is the end user’s computer (with software) that sends requests to a server. • Server is a remote computer (with software) that handles requests from clients.
2
History of the Internet
1958: – The Advance Research Agency Program (ARPA - USA), created the Information Processing Technology Office which started investigating the potential of universal networking. – Packet switching routes packets of data over a network from the originating node to the destination node, optimises the use of the channels available in a network, allowing for more data to be sent per unit time.
1969: – The world’s first operational packet switching network went live at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles). The network was named ARPANET. – The ARPANET was designed to be robust and reliable, such that it 3 could survive network losses.
History of the Internet
1978 – The British Post Office, Western Union International and Tymnet, built on the ARPANET to produce the first international packet switched network, the International Packet Switched Service (IPSS). – The Assembler/Disassembler was used to reconstruct data from packets received or to break a stream of data into packets.
4
1985 – The National Science Foundation in the US constructed a university network backbone based on a TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) works as follows: • TCP – does the packeting of messages and reassembling of the message IP – handles the addressing • The open network allowed academic researchers in the US to access supercomputers. • The NSFNet went online in 1986 using the TCP/IP-based technology from ARPANET. 1993 • The first published specification for HTML was
References: • Computer Fundamental Manual, UTM 42