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Organization Studies
http://oss.sagepub.com The Relative Impact of Country of Origin and Universal Contingencies on Internationalization Strategies and Corporate Control in Multinational Enterprises: Worldwide and European Perspectives
Anne-Wil Harzing and Arndt Sorge Organization Studies 2003; 24; 187 DOI: 10.1177/0170840603024002343 The online version of this article can be found at: http://oss.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/24/2/187

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Authors name

The Relative Impact of Country of Origin and Universal Contingencies on Internationalization Strategies and Corporate Control in Multinational Enterprises: Worldwide and European Perspectives
Anne-Wil Harzing, Arndt Sorge

Abstract
Anne-Wil Harzing Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Commerce, University of Melbourne, Australia Arndt Sorge Faculty of Management and Organization, University of Groningen, The Netherlands

We examine the importance of country-of-origin effects and of universal contingencies such as industrial recipes in organizational practices at the international level of multinational enterprises. This is based on a study comparing European (Finnish, French, German, Dutch, Swiss, Swedish, British), American and Japanese multinational enterprises. Although multinationals are highly internationalized by definition, our study shows their organizational control practices at the international level to be more than anything else...