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Submitted by Jeanxin on June 23, 2008
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Scientific management is an approach within classical management theory that emphasizes the scientific study of work methods in order to improve workers efficiency.
There are four principles of scientific management by Federick Winslow Taylor.
1. Scientifically study each part of a task and develop the best method for performing the task.
2. Carefully select workers and train them to perform the task by using the scientifically developed method.
3. Cooperate fully with workers to ensure that they use the proper method.
4. Divide the work and responsibility so that management is responsible for planning work methods using scientific principles and workers are responsible for executing the work accordingly.
In the early 20 century, Federick Taylor observed a problem, which is soldiering by workers. Soldiering is deliberately working at a less than full capacity. This is due to the fear that increasing productivity will cause them or the other workers to lose their jobs. Further more, faulty wage systems set up by management encouraged workers to operate at slow pace. Methods that were handed down from generation to generations were often very inefficient.
Thus, Taylor came out with a method known as time-and-motion study. This study involves breaking down the work tasks into its various elements, or motions, eliminating unnecessary motions, determining the best way to do the job, and then timing each motion to determine the amount of production that could be expected per day.
We can see time and motion study taking place in the process of macdonaldization, that it takes a task and breaks it down into smaller tasks. This process is repeated until all tasks have been broken down to the smallest possible level. The result of this is an efficient, logical sequence of methods that can be completed the same way every time to produce the desire outcome. The out come is...
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