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Submitted by Stoneyman420 on March 19, 2008
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RUSSIA IN THE 20TH CENTURY
Russia in the twentieth century has not been much different than Russia in prior centuries. Internal conflicts, wars, and struggles for power seem to dominate its history. Rulers were intent on expanding Russia's territories and military powers. Although Russia made great strides during the twentieth century, it came at a great cost to the people.
A catastrophe started the twentieth century in Russia - they lost the war against Japan. This failure showed the ineffectiveness of the state system and lead to riots and strikes all over the state. These uprisings were later called the First Russian Revolution because they were so dangerous for the Empire. The result of this was some reforms initiated by Emperor Nikolay the Second, like the establishment of a Russian Parliament, or Durma, and the granting of certain rights and freedoms to the nation.
In 1914 Russia entered World War I allied with the United Kingdom and France against Nazi Germany. Russia suffered demoralizing defeats and severe food shortages which lead to widespread rioting and the eventual collapse of the Russian Empire. Nikolay the Second was forced out of power and the Bolshevicks, led by Vladimir Lenin, took control. This started Communist rule in Russia. It took four years of civil war, but the Bolshevicks did get control over the whole state. At the end of this period the Russian republic was completely devastated. Millions of people were killed, industry collapsed, and famine started. Russia eventually withdrew from the war in 1918.
Soon after Lenin seized power he formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (the USSR) and started the New Economic Policy (NEP). This new policy brought about a period of relative prosperity, allowing the young Soviet government to consolidate its political position and rebuild the country's infrastructure. The country still faced enormous challenges, but there was a widespread sense of optimism...
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