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Submitted by MargEthel on March 4, 2008
Category: Religion
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Roman Catholicism traces its history all the back to the Apostle Peter, over two thousand years ago. The apostle, Peter, also known as Simon, organized and presided over the Church (Pilz 2001). According to the Scriptures, Matthew 16:13-19 Christ said to Peter: And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church." In 313 A.D. the Roman Empire legally recognized the Catholic religion, and in 380 A.D. it became the official religion of the Roman Empire. During the following 1,000 years, Catholics were the only people recognized as Christians. Any Christianity other than the Catholic Church was a heresy, not a denomination (ReligionFacts 2006).
In 1054 A.D., a formal split occurred between the Roman Catholics and the Eastern Orthodox (Fairchild 2006). The Catholic Church in the East, centered in Constantinople, and the Catholic Church in Rome argued over differences of language and theology. They eventually became locked in a power struggle. Rome's way of handling the problem was to excommunicate the Patriarch of Constantinople. In turn, they excommunicated Rome, thereby breaking off from the Roman rule. The rest of the Eastern churches followed suit and as a group, they became known as the Orthodox Church in Russia, Greece, the Ukraine, Romania, Turkey, and other parts of Eastern Europe (O'Gorman & Faulkner 308).
The next major division occurred in the 16th Century with the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation began when Martin Luther nailed the "95 Theses" to the door of the cathedral door in Wittenberg, Germany. The "95 Theses" was the 95 complaints against the Church. The differences at first were all political rather than religious. However, this quarrel went on to result in a permanent schism. The Protestant Reformation caused much of Germany and England to leave the Catholic Church. The result was that the Catholic Church lost its position as the primary religion, but also forced the Church to...
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