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Psychology Outline

Chapter 7 ¡V Outline
„« Altered State of Consciousness

-changes occur in the quality and pattern of mental activity
*normal *alert *waking *sleep and dreaming *sensory deprivation *drugs
-distinct shifts in perception, emotion, memories, time sense, thoughts, etc¡K

„« Effects of Sleep loss and Changes in Sleep Patterns

-Sleep = innate biological rhythm essential for survival.
*microsleep- brief shift in brain activity to the pattern normally recorded during sleep
-Sleep loss affects performance with routine actions or vigilance.
-7 to 8 hours of sleep per night is the average sleep pattern
*without this, could result in sleep-deprivation psychosis

„« Stages of Sleep

-Four Stages
*1: light sleep (heart rate slows, breathing becomes irregular, muscles relax, hypnic jerk
*2: body temp. drops, EEG = sleep spindles, people say they are asleep
*3: EEG = delta wave, move into deeper sleep and a further loss of consciousness
*4: deep sleep, brain waves all delta, sleeper wakes up in a sense of confusion

„« 2 Kinds Of Sleeping: REM & NREM

-REM: rapid eye movement
* dreaming occurs during REM
-NREM: Non- rapid eye movement

„« Sleeping Disorders

-Insomnia: difficulty going to sleep, frequent nighttime awakenings, waking too early, or a combination of these problems.
*temporary insomnia *drug-dependency insomnia
-Sleepwalking and Sleeptalking: occurs during NREM sleep
--people who sleepwalk = somnambulists
-Nightmares and Night Terrors:
*nightmare = simply a bad dream that takes place during REM sleep
*night terror = a state of panic during NREM sleep
-Narcolepsy: sudden, irresistible sleep attacks
*victims may fall asleep while standing, talking, or even driving ¡V triggered by emotional excitement, such as laughter
-Sleep Apnea: breathing stops for periods of 20 sec. ¡V 2 min. , as the need for oxygen becomes intense¡Xperson wakes a little and gulps in air.
-SIDS: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome...