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Pm Vs Fm

Modern managers use many of the practices, principles and techniques developed from earlier concepts and experiences. The Industrial Revolution brought about the emergence of large-scale business and its need for professional managers.
Early military and church organizations provided the leadership models of which the classical/functional model was the first to be developed. It began around the 1900 and continued into the 1920s. Max Weber known as the father of modern sociology analyzed bureaucracy as the most rational and logical structure for large organizations4.
Through the years, other men and women like Frederick Taylor, Frank and Lilian Gilbreth, Mary Parker Follet and Chester Barnard, to name a few, tried to come with better models which were all geared towards making organizations more productive and lucrative until in the 1950s, the project management model was developed by Henry Gratt.
In the course of this essay, I would be contrasting the very first model of management that is the classical/functional management to a more recent model; the project management model.
Traditional or classical management focuses on efficiency and includes bureaucratic, scientific and administrative management. Bureaucratic management relies on a rational set of structuring guidelines, such as rules and procedures hierarchy and a clear division of labor. Scientific management focuses on the “one best way” to do a job. Administrative management emphasizes the flow of information of the organization4.
As a discipline, project management has evolved from numerous diverse fields including engineering, construction, military projects, e.t.c. The need of budget management, workforce utilization, demand and supply scaling, compelled the need to develop the management system that was methodological and goal oriented3.
Kerzner in his book says that functional or classical management which is also popularly known as the “bureaucratic” type of management “has often been defined...