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Labor Relations & Collective Bargaining

 Union: A formal association of workers that promotes the interests of its member through collective action. Generally, The Union workers receive higher wages and benefits then do non-union workers. However Unions can be associated with high Productivity.

Why Do Workers Join Unions?
Worker's Join Union Primarily because of management failure to address organizational & job-related concerns.

What Do Unions Want?
Unions have 2 Sets of aims:
• Union Security:
Five Types of Union Security are possible:
I. Closed Shop: The Company can hire only union members.
II. Union Shop: The Company can hire non-union people, but they must join the union after the prescribed period of time and pay dues, or else they are fired.
III. Agency shop: Employees who do not belong to the union still must pay union dues on the assumption that the union's efforts benefit all workers.
IV. Open Shop: It is up to the workers whether or not they join the union---, those who do not, do not pay dues.
V. Maintenance of membership arrangement: Employees do not have to belong to the union. However, union members employed by the firm must maintain membership in the union for the contract period.

• Improved wages, hours, working conditions, and benefits for their members.
The Constitution of Pakistan contains a range of provisions with regards to labour rights found in Part II: Fundamental Rights and Principles of Policy.
I. Article 11 of the Constitution prohibits all forms of slavery, forced labour and child labour;
II. Article 17 provides for a fundamental right to exercise the freedom of association and the right to form unions;
III. Article 18 proscribes the right of its citizens to enter upon any lawful profession or occupation and to conduct any lawful trade or business;
IV. Article 25 lays down the right to equality before the law and prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of sex alone;
V. Article 37(e) makes provision for securing just and...