Karyotype: Sex Chromosomes
PRACTICAL 1: HUMAN KARYOTYPING LAB
INTRODUCTION
The complete set of chromosomes in the body cell of a species is known as karyotype. Karyotype is a test to identify and evaluate the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in a sample of body cells. Any abnormalities such as extra, missing, or abnormal positions of chromosome pieces can cause problems with a person growth, development and body functions. Karyotype can be used to determine whether the chromosomes of an adult have an abnormality that can be passed on to the child. It can also determine whether a chromosome defect is preventing a woman from becoming pregnant or causing miscarriages. There are so many problems that involves chromosomes can be determined by using the karyotype. Next, to create a karyotype, chromosomes from a cell are stained and photographed. The photograph is enlarged and cut up into individual chromosomes. In this experiment, the homologous pairs are identified and arranged in order by size and ended with sex chromosomes. This test is typically done on a sample of blood, although any body cell could be used. The cell must undergo mitosis, which it is preferable in metaphase, so that the chromosomes are replicated, condensed, and visible under a microscope.
OBJECTIVES
To understand what a karyotype is and how it is performed.
To understand the reason for performing a karyotype, especially for those with a higher risk of genetic defect in their lineage.
To determine what genetic defect is present in a chromosomes sample.
To investigate a variety of genetic disorders that commonly occur and are studied in biology classes.
MATERIALS
Scissors
Glue
Ruler
Small envelope
METHODS
1. The attached sheet was used to complete one out of two normal karyotypes ( Chromosome Pic #2 and #3) and another out of the four sets of abnormal karyotypes ( Set A, B, C, and D).
2. The chromosome on the pages that have been chosen was cut by using a scissors and the EXACT match
INTRODUCTION
The complete set of chromosomes in the body cell of a species is known as karyotype. Karyotype is a test to identify and evaluate the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in a sample of body cells. Any abnormalities such as extra, missing, or abnormal positions of chromosome pieces can cause problems with a person growth, development and body functions. Karyotype can be used to determine whether the chromosomes of an adult have an abnormality that can be passed on to the child. It can also determine whether a chromosome defect is preventing a woman from becoming pregnant or causing miscarriages. There are so many problems that involves chromosomes can be determined by using the karyotype. Next, to create a karyotype, chromosomes from a cell are stained and photographed. The photograph is enlarged and cut up into individual chromosomes. In this experiment, the homologous pairs are identified and arranged in order by size and ended with sex chromosomes. This test is typically done on a sample of blood, although any body cell could be used. The cell must undergo mitosis, which it is preferable in metaphase, so that the chromosomes are replicated, condensed, and visible under a microscope.
OBJECTIVES
To understand what a karyotype is and how it is performed.
To understand the reason for performing a karyotype, especially for those with a higher risk of genetic defect in their lineage.
To determine what genetic defect is present in a chromosomes sample.
To investigate a variety of genetic disorders that commonly occur and are studied in biology classes.
MATERIALS
Scissors
Glue
Ruler
Small envelope
METHODS
1. The attached sheet was used to complete one out of two normal karyotypes ( Chromosome Pic #2 and #3) and another out of the four sets of abnormal karyotypes ( Set A, B, C, and D).
2. The chromosome on the pages that have been chosen was cut by using a scissors and the EXACT match
References: Karyotype. Retrieved on 2013 October, 20 from http://homepages.uel.ac.uk/V.K.Sieber/human.htm Wikipedia: Karyotype. Retrieved on 2013 October, 20 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyotype#Depiction_of_karyotypes