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Submitted by LEAM on April 12, 2006
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Joan of Arc
Upon the death of Charles IV, the last of three royal sons of Philip IV, two cousins claimed the crown of France. One of these cousins was Philip of Valois, the son of the king's brother Charles, and the other cousin was Edward III of England, whose mother was Isabella, Phillip IV's daughter. In 1337, Edward challenged Philip of Valois, by then King Philip IV, to trial by combat. Thus began the Hundred Years' War (Pernoud, p 2).
Joan of Arc, also known as Jeanne d'Arc, was born on January 6th around the year 1412, in the small village of Domremy to prosperous peasants Jacque and Isabelle d'Arc. Around the age of 12 she began having visions that she believed to be from God, these visions led to the liberation of her homeland from English dominance in the Hundred Years' War (Wikipedia, p 2).
Joan and her family lived in an isolated part of the northeastern territory of France which remained loyal to the French crown despite being surrounded by Burgundian lands. Several raids occurred during Joan's childhood, and on one occasion her village was burned (Wikipedia, p 2). Joan experienced her first vision around 1424, at which time St. Michael, St. Catherine, and St. Margaret told her to drive out the English and bring the dauphin to his rightful throne. Joan was very faithful to her religion and believed that these saints had commanded her to unite France (Wikipedia, p 2).
At the age of 16, determined to carry out her mission from God, Joan of Arc set out for Chinon to meet the dauphin. She petitioned the garrison commander, Count Robert de Baudricourt, for permission to be escorted to visit the royal French court at Chinon. Baudricourt's sarcastic response did not deter her determination, and she returned a second time to Baudicourt at which time she made a miraculous prediction about the military reversal near Orleans. Baudicourt granted her an escort to visit Chinon after news from the front confirmed her...
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