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Information Theory 1. Introduction Information theory is the mathematical theory of data communication and storage generally considered to have been founded in 1948
1.4 Innovation Diffusion/Media Choice and Adoption/Critical Mass 1.4.1 Critical Mass Theory 1.5 Information/Media Richness 1.6 Social/Psychological Factors 1.7 Social
have on the organization. Communication theories including systems theory and organizational information theory will be discussed as they pertain to communication
investment. Many of these theoretical concepts such as general equilibrium analysis, information economics and theory of contracts are firmly rooted in classical
8, 2001 Contents 1 What is game theory? 4 2 Definitions of games 6 3 Dominance 8 4 Nash equilibrium 12 5 Mixed strategies 17 6 Extensive games with perfect information
Submitted by a_wahba on February 7, 2006
Category: Science
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1. Introduction
Information theory is the mathematical theory of data communication and
storage generally considered to have been founded in 1948 by Claude E.
Shannon. The central paradigm of classic information theory is the
engineering problem of the transmission of information over a noisy channel.
The main result of this theory is Shannon's noisy-channel coding theorem,
which states that reliable communication is possible over unreliable channels. It
is possible to surround a noisy channel with appropriate encoding and
decoding systems, such that messages can be communicated at any rate less
than (but arbitrarily close to) the channel capacity with an arbitrarily small
probability of error.
Information theory in the 1950s was sometimes classified as a branch of the
then voguish field called "cybernetics", which included many aspects of
potential machine representation of the world; it is a broad and deep
mathematical theory, with equally broad and deep applications, chief among
them coding theory.
Coding theory is concerned with finding explicit methods, called codes, of
increasing the efficiency and fidelity of data communication over a noisy
channel up near the limit that Shannon proved is all but possible. These codes
can be roughly subdivided into data compression and error-correction codes.
It took many years to find the good codes whose existence Shannon proved.
A third class of codes are cryptographic ciphers; concepts from coding theory
and information theory are much used in cryptography and cryptanalysis; see
the article on deciban for an interesting historical application.
Information theory is also used in intelligence, gambling, statistics, and even
music composition.
2. Redundancy
Redundancy in information theory is the number of bits used to transmit a
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