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Inflammation Of The Joints INFLAMMATION OF THE JOINTS This auto-immune reaction causes inflammation of the joints, particularly the synovial membrane that lines
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Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that sauses chronic inflammation of the joints. Rhematiod arthritis can also cause inflammation of the tissue
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Submitted by amyhamizah108 on July 26, 2008
Category: Science
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INFLAMMATION OF THE JOINTS
This auto-immune reaction causes inflammation of the joints, particularly the synovial membrane that lines them. If the process continues, damage to the cartilage and other soft tissue can cause joint deformities.
The effects differ from person to person. Most people first become aware of pain, swelling and stiffness in the small joints of the hands or feet.
So in chronic inflammation, when the antigen is presented on the MHCII of the APC,the Th cell is recognize this and is activated, where it will stimulate other cells in the joint to produce cytokines that are central mediators of the synovial reaction.
It will secrete cytokines(IL-4) to activate the Bcells which will produce the antibodies-IgG and IgM classes which will be deposited in the tissue and will subsequently lead to the activation of serum complement cascade and recruit more phagocytic arm of the immune response which further exacerbate the inflammation of the synovium.
It will also secrete Interferon gamma to activate the macrophages which will release the IL1 and TNF that in turn stimulate the synovial cells to proliferate and produce various other mediators of inflammation(prostaglandins) and matrix metalloproteinases(colleganases,elastase,etc) that will contribute to the cartilage destruction. This also means that pannus tissue will start to form where mass of synovium with synovial stroma containing the granulation tissue, inflammatory cells and fibroblasts starts to grow over the articular cartilage.
Activated T cells and the synovial fibroblast will produce RANKL that activates osteoclast and promotes bone destruction which allows synovium to penetrate into the bone and form juxta-articular erosions, subchondral cysts and osteoporosis in later stage of RA
So the stages of joint inflammation:
1st stage: synovitis (inflammation of synovial membrane) developing from the congestion and oedema of the membrane...
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