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For other people named Martin Luther, see Martin Luther (disambiguation).


Luther at age 46 (Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1529)


The Luther seal
Martin Luther (November 10, 1483–February 18, 1546) was a German theologian, an Augustinian monk, and an ecclesiastical reformer whose teachings inspired the Reformation and deeply influenced the doctrines and culture of the Lutheran and Protestant traditions. Luther's call to the Church to return to the teachings of the Bible led to the formation of new traditions within Christianity and to the Counter-Reformation, the Roman Catholic reaction to these movements. Luther's contributions to Western civilization went beyond the life of the Christian Church. Luther's translations of the Bible helped to develop a standard version of the German language and added several principles to the art of translation. Luther's hymns inspired the development of congregational singing in Christianity. His marriage on June 13, 1525, to Katharina von Bora began a movement of clerical marriage within many Christian traditions.
Contents
• 1 Luther's early life
• 2 Luther's struggle to find peace with God
• 3 Luther's theory of grace
• 4 The indulgence controversy
• 5 Response of the Papacy
• 6 The breach widens
o 6.1 Luther's thought develops
o 6.2 The treatises of 1520
 6.2.1 To the German Nobility
 6.2.2 The Babylonian Captivity
 6.2.3 Freedom of a Christian
o 6.3 The excommunication of Luther
• 7 Diet of Worms
• 8 Exile at the Wartburg Castle
• 9 Return to Wittenberg and the Invocavit Sermons
• 10 Martin Luther's marriage and family
• 11 The Peasants' War
• 12 Luther's German Bible
• 13 The Small and Large Catechisms
• 14 Luther's last journey and death
• 15 His legacy
o 15.1 Luther's writings
o 15.2 Martin Luther and Judaism
• 16 See also
• 17 Bibliography
• 18 Filmography
• 19 External links
o 19.1 Original texts
o 19.2 Online resources

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