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Sigmund Freud. Key figures in Counseling and Psychology by Michel Jacobs Sigmund
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FREUD. Reaction Paper #1 ?Since ... standard treatment for hysteria. In the text
it states that Freud later questioned this form of therapy. ...
Submitted by bigbill123 on December 7, 2005
Category: Miscellaneous
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SIGMUND FREUD
1856 - 1939
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It is a mistake to believe that a science consists in nothing but conclusively proved propositions, and it is unjust to demand that it should. It is a demand only made by those who feel a craving for authority in some form and a need to replace the religious catechism by something else, even if it be a scientific one. Science in its catechism has but few apodictic precepts; it consists mainly of statements which it has developed to varying degrees of probability. The capacity to be content with these approximations to certainty and the ability to carry on constructive work despite the lack of final confirmation are actually a mark of the scientific habit of mind. -- Freud
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Freud\'s story, like most people\'s stories, begins with others. In his case those others were his mentor and friend, Dr. Joseph Breuer, and Breuer\'s patient, called Anna O.
Anna O. was Joseph Breuer\'s patient from 1880 through 1882. Twenty one years old, Anna spent most of her time nursing her ailing father. She developed a bad cough that proved to have no physical basis. She developed some speech difficulties, then became mute, and then began speaking only in English, rather than her usual German.
When her father died she began to refuse food, and developed an unusual set of problems. She lost the feeling in her hands and feet, developed some paralysis, and began to have involuntary spasms. She also had visual hallucinations and tunnel vision. But when specialists were consulted, no physical causes for these problems could be found.
If all this weren\'t enough, she had fairy-tale fantasies, dramatic mood swings, and made several suicide attempts. Breuer\'s diagnosis was that she was suffering from what was then called hysteria (now called conversion disorder), which meant she had symptoms that appeared to be physical,...
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