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FLHD notes Principles of Development Cephalocaudal (top to bottom) - Head= ? length at birth - Head- 1/8 length as an adult Proximodistal ? midpoint to extremitites
Submitted by luckycv13 on October 27, 2006
Category: Psychology
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Principles of Development
Cephalocaudal (top to bottom)
- Head= ¼ length at birth
- Head- 1/8 length as an adult
Proximodistal midpoint to extremitites
Most children follow similar developmental patterns
Individual rates of growth and development
Rates of development are not uniform among developmental domains of individual children
Physical Growth in First Two Years
Most notable time for physical changes
In each of the first 12 months they grow almost an inch (20 in. 30in.)
In 1st year birth weight usually doubles by 4 months and usually triples by 1 year ( 7 22lbs.)
head-sparing biological protection of the brain when malnutrition temporarily affects the body growth
Survival Reflexes
Breathing maintain oxygen supply
Rooting, sucking, and swallowing manage feeding
Eyeblink
Crying and kicking maintain body temperature
Primitive Reflexes
Grasping - Disappears at around 4th month
Moro Startle reflex. Throws arms out and then inward (embracing). Disappears around 5th month.
Babinski - Toes fan outward, and then curl. Disappears around end of 1st year.
Gross Motor Skills
-Involve large muscles and body movements
- crawling, walking, running
- Cephlocaudal development
Fine Motor Skills
Small, finely tuned movements such as finger dexterity
Proximal development
successful grabbing (6 months)
fingering, pointing, and holding
grasping a moving object
transferring objects from hand to hand
adjusting reach
Sensory and Perceptual Capacities
All senses function...
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