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How does modeling contribute to the learning of defense mechanisms by children and adolescents? Albert Bandura is a Stanford psychologist who believes people learn
Submitted by jillmora on July 25, 2008
Category: Psychology
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Albert Bandura is a Stanford psychologist who believes people learn by observing the behavior of others. He calls this theory modeling. Bandura considers modeling to be an important demonstration of the role of cognition in learning (Lahey, 225). Bandura also believes there are necessary conditions for effective modeling. These conditions are attention — various factors increase or decrease the amount of attention paid , retention — remembering what you paid attention to, reproduction — reproducing the image, and motivation — having a good reason to imitate (www.learning-therioes.com). This theory can apply also when in comes to coping with stress. Many people learn defense mechanism from observing others in a stressful situation and modeling their behavior after what they have observed.
According to Freud, defense mechanisms are the unrealistic strategies used by the ego to discharge tension (Lahey, 518). Freud believed that these mechanisms were caused because there was a conflict between the id and the superego (www.allpsych.com). There are several types of defense mechanisms. Displacement- taking out your frustrations on something or someone else other than the intended source. Rationalization- believing or stating an acceptable explanation for a behavior as opposed to the real explanation (www.allpsych.com) Denial- arguing against an anxiety provoking stimuli by stating it doesn't exist (www.allpsych.com). Regression -reverting to an earlier stage of development (www.allpsych.com). Repression in Psychoanalytic Theory is the defense mechanism whereby our thoughts are pulled out of our consciousness and into our unconscious (www.allpsych.com). All Defense Mechanisms share two common properties: they can operate unconsciously and they can distort, transform, or falsify reality is some way (www.rpi.edu).
Children today are likely to learn their defense mechanisms from their parents and celebrities on television. While defense mechanisms...
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