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How Did The Hindu-Muslim Divide Affect The Nationalist Movement In India In The Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth Centuries?

CHRONOLOGY 1880 – 1947
1885 Founding of Indian National Congress (INC); moderate phase
of Nationalism
1890s Dissension Movement
1893 Cow Protection Movement
1905 Partition of Bengal on 10th October; ‘swadeshi' (own country) movement boycotts foreign products; radical nationalism; British suppression of leaders
1906 Foundation of All India Muslim League (AML)
1907 Split in Congress at Surat session
1908 Morely-Minto Reforms – modest political reforms giving Indians slightly more representation on legislative councils; Indian Councils Act
1911 Reunification of Bengal
1914 Start of World War One (WW1) – Indian soldiers fight for British
1915 Mohandas Gandhi
returns from South Africa
1916 Jinnah becomes President of AIML – INC and AIML united against British
1917 Chelmsford-Montague Reforms – promised limited representative democracy Split between AIML and INC
1919 India Act, Rowlatt Satyagraha – beginning of mass politics
1920-22 Non-cooperation-Khilafat Movement under Gandhi; introduction of Satyagrapha policy and non-violence; Hindu-Muslim unity; ended because of rising violence
1920 Jinnah leaves Congress
1928 Landless labourers resisted dominant peasants in Bardoli
1929 Congress formally accepts goal of purna swarah (complete self-rule)
1930-31 Second Civil Disobedience Movement; Salt March (1930)
1931 Civil Disobedience halted; Gandhi takes part in meetings with the Viceroy and attends Second Round Table Conference
1932-34 Civil Disobedience resumed but called off as a result of violence
1935 Government of India Act signed
1942 Cripps Mission; August: Quit India Resolution; Gandhi arrested
1945 End of World War II; Labour party elected to power in Britain – promise of independence for India
1946 Muslim Communal Violence
1947 14th August: Pakistani Independence; 15th August: Indian Independence

Indian nationalism developed from the 1880s towards independence in 1947. During India's journey towards independence there were...