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Concise History of India. India's extraordinary history is intimately tied
to its geography. A meeting ground between the East and ...
... 1, London, Penguin Books, 1990. Watson, Francis., A Concise History of India,
Great Britain, Thames and Hudson, 1974. accessed 5 August, 2004. ...
... Watson, F 1979, India: A Concise History, Thames and Hudson, London. Wolpert, S
1993, A New History of India, Oxford University Press, New York.
... South East Asia could be attributed to the sponsorship of the rulers of this region
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... After years of revolts and turmoil in countries such as South Africa and India,
they are finally ... “Ireland (History)” The Concise Columbia Electronic ...
Submitted by rudraphysio on April 16, 2008
Category: History Other
Words: 2446 | Pages: 10
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India's extraordinary history is intimately tied to its geography. A meeting ground between the East and the West, it has always been an invader's paradise, while at the same time its natural isolation and magnetic religions allowed it to adapt to and absorb many of the peoples who penetrated its mountain passes. No matter how many Persians, Greeks, Chinese nomads, Arabs, Portuguese, British and other raiders had their way with the land, local Hindu kingdoms invariably survived their depradations, living out their own sagas of conquest and collapse. All the while, these local dynasties built upon the roots of a culture well established since the time of the first invaders, the Aryans. In short, India has always been simply too big, too complicated, and too culturally subtle to let any one empire dominate it for long.
True to the haphazard ambiance of the country, the discovery of India's most ancient civilization literally happened by accident. British engineers in the mid-1800's, busy constructing a railway line between Karachi and Punjab, found ancient, kiln-baked bricks along the path of the track. This discovery was treated at the time as little more than a curiosity, but archaeologists later revisited the site in the 1920's and determined that the bricks were over 5000 years old. Soon afterward, two important cities were discovered: Harappa on the Ravi river, and Mohenjodaro on the Indus.
The civilization that laid the bricks, one of the world's oldest, was known as the Indus. They had a written language and were highly sophisticated. Dating back to 3000 BC, they originated in the south and moved north, building complex, mathematically-planned cities. Some of these towns were almost three miles in diameter and contained as many as 30,000 residents. These ancient municipalities had granaries, citadels, and even household toilets. In Mohenjodaro, a mile-long canal connected the city to the sea, and trading ships sailed as far as Mesopotamia. At...
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