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Submitted by sarah27 on April 2, 2008
Category: Philosophy
Words: 2125 | Pages: 9
Views: 94
Popularity Rank: 96,769
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The advent of China as a semi-superpower since the end of the Cold War has led to speculation of the U.S. role in East Asia. One such author that examines this new balance of power in the region is Thomas J. Christensen who offers recommendations towards finding a middle ground between a positive and zero-sum perspective in dealing with the rise of China. I hypothesize that Christensen’s neo-realist policy advisements are in fact fitting in seeking benefits from both perspectives. This paper will explain the outlooks of both positive and zero-sum perspectives, analyze Christensen’s recommendations to U.S. foreign policy, and will argue for the implementation of these prescriptions.
The positive-sum view as outlined by the author is concerned with the avoidance of military use and to resolve issues through less tension filled interactions, in an anarchic international system, an assumption that constructivists share. Positive-sum theorists may be labeled as either optimists or pessimists depending on their view of the nature of the security dilemma, a concept borrowed from the realist school of thought. Other beliefs that have been borrowed stem from liberal institutionalism where international institutions are used as a mediating agent. Some might be optimistic about international relations with the introduction of such institutions such as ASEAN and ARF, however precisely because of positive-sum concern with state interactions and perceptions, this may lead to a pessimistic outlook concerning the role of historical issues and nationalism. In fact, there are scholars who notice the surfacing of “anti-American sentiment” from China since the 1990’s. This is where the lines start to blur between a positive and a zero-sum prescription to a particular regional problem. The positivists might actually view the need of a foreign military presence in an unstable region as being essential to mediate conflict since it is the “least...
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