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Analysis of the United States Prison System. I. INTRODUCTION In the past thirty
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Submitted by shawnhart13 on June 21, 2006
Category: Social Issues
Words: 1694 | Pages: 7
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Popularity Rank: 21,751
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I. INTRODUCTION
In the past thirty years, the United States has moved into a “get tough on crime” era. This can be seen through many enactments and sentencing policies, that have been created since 1980. While crime rates overall have been going down, we have seen a massive increase in the U.S. prison populations, causing large financial and social burdens. This paper will analyze this increase, and the sentencing initiatives behind it.
II. HISTORY
Internationally, prison is the term used for the institutions that hold those who have been convicted of a serious offense. In the United States however, the term prison refers to the state and federal institutions where offenders are sent for a year or more, after sentencing. Most people use the terms ‘jail’ and ‘prison’ interchangeably, a jail however is a temporary holding cell where an offender is placed during trial. Below is a brief history of the development of the American penal system.
A. Solitary System
The Quakers first created the penitentiary as a means for offenders to repent their sins and eventually rejoin society. This idea led to the development of the first American prisons around 1790. These early prisons were based on silence and repenting, and in most cases run by religious personnel. This model was called the Solitary system, and quickly spread through Europe (Tonry).
B. Progressive reform era
By 1877, the second wave, known as the Progressive Reform Era, was underway. Prisons in this era were based on rehabilitation through educational efforts. Once inmates were deemed reformed they were released back into society. Although courts preached rehabilitation, little authority was placed over prison personal, and correctional facilities became brutal un-checked institutions. By the 1960’s and 1970’s, indeterminate sentencing was seen as a failure, and recidivism rates were shown to be high....
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