Preview

Amadou Diallo Case Study Analysis

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
2174 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Amadou Diallo Case Study Analysis
Social cognition is the study of how people form attribution or judgments about themselves and the social world from the social information they received from their environment (Chapter Review, 2010). However, it was discovered often marked by apparent errors and biases. People make quick judgment based on their past experiences, hence at times leading to tragic endings.
The Amadou Diallo case study was an example of the tragic error which was made by four New York City Police officers. The police shooting of an unarmed man was an act of automatic inferences which happens when people use mental shortcuts to simplify the amount of information they receive from the environment. Automatic thinking is known as the thinking that is unconscious, unintentional, involuntary and effortless (Taylor, Peplau, & Sears, 2006). While, schemas are mental structure people use to arrange their information regarding the social world around themes or subjects: schemas affect what information we notice, think about, and remember (Chapter Review, 2010). During the incident February 4, 1999, Carroll had made a low-effort automatic thinking with schemas when Diallo reached into his jacket to get his wallet by assuming that Diallo was reaching for a gun in his pocket, and shouted “Gun!” to alert his colleagues. Officer Carroll’s action was due to his natural instinct or response as most criminal would reach into their pocket for gun during the detection of police officers. He had use schemas to form an expectation of the event in which made him to expect a gun pulling out of Diallo’s jacket rather than his wallet. As he attends to his schema-consistent knowledge: criminals would pull out guns from their jacket when they spotted police officers; his schemas filtered out any inconsistent information: Diallo reached in his jacket to get his wallet; had caused the NYPD officers to fire at Diallo.
Besides that, there are also a few theories or concept under automatic thinking with schemas

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    The main character in the movie Juno is a 16 year old girl named Juno. She is witty, sarcastic and has a great sense of humor. Surrounded by the falling leaves of autumn, we find Juno drinking “like ten tons of Sunny D” as she decides to take three pregnancy tests to confirm her worst fear. She is pregnant. After a fateful and funny encounter with a pro-life schoolmate outside an abortion clinic, ("Fingernails? The baby already has fingernails?"), Juno decides to go through with the pregnancy. Juno breaks the news to her best friend and father of the baby Paulie Bleeker, as well as her parents. Surprisingly all parties seem very supportive of her plan to give the baby up for adoption. With the advice from her friend Leah she searches the Penny Saver paper for a couple to adopt her baby. She finds the ideal parents-to-be, Mark and Vanessa, under the heading “Desperately Seeking Spawn”. Juno encompasses many issues involving interpersonal communication. This analysis will focus on perceptions, self (hidden and revealed), and conflict.…

    • 1693 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Social psychologists interested in social perception and cognition have an ‘intuitive scientist’ model of how people understand their worlds – people seek ‘truths’ in a logical and rational way (as cited in Buchanan et al, 2007, p.106). They suggest that in order for people to have a sense of control over their social interactions, they make inferences and assumptions about people’s behaviour and events that they encounter. This concept falls under the ‘attribution theory’ umbrella, which means; assigning cause to our own or other peoples behaviour. Fritz Heider (cited in Buchanan et al, 2007) was the first to propose a psychological theory of attribution. Heider discussed what he called “naïve” or “commonsense” psychology. In his view, people were like amateur scientists, trying to understand other people’s behaviour by piecing together information until they arrived at a reasonable explanation or cause. However, there is also evidence that suggests that this is not the case and that people do not always behave in ‘rational’ or ‘objective’ ways as expected. This essay therefore aims to evaluate both sides of the argument whilst concluding whether the ‘lay scientist’ view is realistic or not.…

    • 1613 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    The author’s purpose is to show how easily people are influenced by society and those around them.…

    • 941 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The purpose of this essay is to discuss the different methods that we use to organise our thinking and how using these methods can develop memory and improve our ability to recollect information. The three methods under discussion in this essay are mental images, concepts and schemas.…

    • 1013 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Schema: This is a mental structure that represents some aspect of the world e.g. a zebra is a large four legged animal…

    • 485 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    It's has been proposed that we store a series of incomplete memory fragments in our mind. When we need to recall a memory we unknowingly fill in the blanks to reconstruct a memory that can be fraught with inaccuracies. Our memory is shaped by our own beliefs of what has happened in the past which may not be an accurate depiction of events. When we have a incomplete memory or are faced with something unknown to us we use our memory of past experiences to create 'schemas'. For example in Carmichael et al (1932) study they showed two groups of participants the same set of drawings but each group was given a different set of descriptions. When the participants were asked to recall a drawing, the way in which the drawing was previously described affected the drawing that was subsequently produced by the participant. This shows that the language used affected our memory and conjures up a set of expectations about the object - schemas. Such schemas alter our recollection of something and produces an inaccurate memory.…

    • 1231 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Tma04 Dse212

    • 1570 Words
    • 7 Pages

    People, being naturally inquisitive, have often been referred to as scientists. Even as young children, people are constantly testing and evaluating the boundaries to decipher their own social environment and quickly recognise what is acceptable and what is not. This soon evolves into intuition and whether it is constructed in a logical and rational way depends on a number factors. However, when considering cognitive psychology and the information processing that underpins judgements and risks, people 's cognitive processes are often likened to computers in the way that these processes interact. This essay begins by looking at Fritz Heider (1944, as cited in Buchanan et al., p.60) an influential psychologist in this area who coined the phrase 'naive psychology '. It then progresses onto the advantages and disadvantages of the attribution theories using Kelley 's covariation method and MacArthurs vignettes to test the theory. This is followed by looking into optimistic bias and whether this bias can prevent people from constructing rational and logical theories when making sense of their social environment. Finally, the essay evaluates the HIV/AIDs and smoking progression and how people can conceptualise risk, resulting in laying blame elsewhere other than in their social group.…

    • 1570 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Bystander Intervention

    • 1546 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Garcia, S. M., Weaver, K., Moskowitz, G. B., & Darley, J. M. (2002). Crowded minds: the implicit bystander effect. Journal of personality and social psychology, 83(4), 843.…

    • 1546 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Eyewitness psychologist have conducted controlled laboratory experiments that occur in phases. In the first phase, the encoding phase, “participants view a staged event, a video of a stimulated crime, or a photo of a target” (Smith & Dufraimont, 2014, p. 200). This phase examines how the participants process details of a memory. Phase two, the recognition phase, requires participants to identify a target using target-present or target-absent identification procedures (Smith & Dufraimont, 2014). During a target-present procedure, a participant can make one out of two decisions. The participant can make a decision to identify the target (a “hit), or make a decision to reject the target (“a miss”). Similarly, a participant can make one out of two decisions for a target-absent procedure as well. The participant can make a decision to reject the suspect (“correct rejection”), or make a decision to identify the suspect (“false alarm”). The last phase consists of making sure that the participant is confident in his or her decisions (Smith & Dufraimont, 2014). Researchers than analyze the participants’ performance by “examining the proportion of [hit and false alarm decisions made] in target-present and target-absent conditions separately” (Smith & Dufraimont, 2014, p. 202). In order for this identification procedure to be used in criminal investigations, it should produce more hits than false alarms. However, because this procedure does not produce the idea ratio researchers turn to using more diagnostic measures and procedures (Smith & Dufraimont,…

    • 1164 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Ats1262 Lecture

    • 1549 Words
    • 7 Pages

    are defined by Hazel Markus (1977) as cognitive generalizations about self, derived from past experience that organizes and guides the processing of self-related information contained in the individual social experiences. (p.64) affect how we process information about us:…

    • 1549 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Does Socialization Matter?

    • 31040 Words
    • 125 Pages

    Garner, R. (1990). When children and adults do not use learning strategies: Toward a theory of settings. Review of Educational Research, 60, 517-529.…

    • 31040 Words
    • 125 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Many studies have been conducted to examine why people feel the way they do towards events or situations they perceive as not their stereotypical “norm” or feeling uncertain as to why someone did what they did. In a study by Gifford Weary and John A. Edwards (1994), they define this uncertainty about one’s inability to comprehend or identify causal relationships or causal conditions in society as causal uncertainty (CU). Whether you are trying to make sense of why your best friend does not want to go out to the movies or why a stranger started talking to you in an elevator, people have this overwhelming urge to understand or reason the cause of another person’s behavior, so that their reaction is fitting (Weary, Tobin, & Edwards, 2010). The research has show that because of the universality of traumatic events in the world, such as natural disasters, school shootings, deaths, murder, and so on, it is plausible that many individuals feel that they are not capable of adequately determining the causes behind the occurrence of such social events (Weary & Edwards, 1994). They found that individual differences can be assessed by the causal uncertainty scale (CUS); the CUS measures the person’s response to beliefs (Weary & Edwards, 1994). The need to understand cause-and-effect relationships within the context of society is likely to influence the behavior of some individuals (Weary & Edwards, 1994). The inability to understand people’s reactions or inaction or causal uncertainty symptoms can materialize into the feelings of disorientation, discomfort, or turmoil (Weary et al., 2010). It is believed that there are certain conditions that must exist in order for a person to suffer from CU, in that there must be some uncertain feelings present whether they were caused by the surroundings, expected outcomes that were not met, or self-perception (sensitivity) (Weary et al., 2010).…

    • 2045 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Social Learning Theory

    • 710 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Social learning theory, also known as Social Cognitive Theory, involves the idea of people learning by observing the actions of others and that thought processes in the human brain are of utmost importance to understanding personality. Social learning theory first evolved out of the work and research by N.E. Miller and J. Dollard in 1941. Their beliefs rested on the idea that if humans were motivated to learn a particular behavior, it would be done so by clear observations. By imitating these observed actions the individual observer would establish that learned action would be rewarded through positive reinforcement (Miller & Dollard, 1941). The main principles of the social learning theory were later expanded on by Albert Bandura (1962 to…

    • 710 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Workplace Ethnography

    • 1790 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Yoshida, E., Peach, J., Spencer, S., & Zanna, M. (n.d.). How social representations become automatic: The measurement and impact of implicit norms.…

    • 1790 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    How We Are Influenced

    • 2183 Words
    • 9 Pages

    Social psychology is the “scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another” (Myers, 2010, p. 4). There are many different “external social forces” (Myers, 2010, p. 8) that influence our thoughts, feelings, behaviors and attitudes, such as our family, peers, culture and gender; all of which persuade us in one direction or another. Any social situation we may encounter can be so powerful that it “leads us to act contrary to our expressed attitudes” (Myers, 2010, p. 7).…

    • 2183 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Good Essays