Secondly, wealthy people used flatware made of pewter, which has a high-lead content. Foods high in acid, such as tomatoes, caused the lead to leech into the food, often resulting in lead poisoning and death. Mariners and poor people ate off of plates made of wood and fortunately did not experience this problem, because wood does not contain lead and does not have this reaction with tomatoes. One of the primary drivers of why tomatoes were only eaten by Mariners and poor people until the 1800's, especially Italians.…
The modern criminal justice system has evolved since ancient times, with new forms of punishment, added rights for offenders and victims, and policing reforms. These developments have reflected changing customs, political ideals, and economic conditions. In ancient times through the middle Ages, exile was a common form of punishment. During the Middle Ages, payment to the victim (or the victim's family), known as wergild, was another common punishment, including for violent crimes. For those who could not afford to buy their way out of punishment, harsh penalties included various forms of corporal punishment. These included mutilation, branding, and flogging, as well as execution.…
“Everybody believes that capital punishment is wrong, but when they look at certain cases, they are quick to say, “Put them to death”, or “scream capital punishment.”” Jeff Lindsay. Capital punishment is the legally authorized killing of someone as a punishment for a crime. It has been around since time itself. In the 1700’s, The Code of Hammurabi was the first known written document there were twenty-five crimes that were punishable by death such as adultery, and helping slaves escape. Only the most heinous of those warranted such a stringent sentence. And while there are many methods that may take a prisoner's life, there are also alternatives. One must ask though, “Do those options do justice to the unspeakable acts these criminals have…
Capital punishment has been around for decades and continues to alter as awareness of its negative connotations rise. Even in the late 1800’s we saw people trying to adjust the act in an attempt to make it more humane. The battle between morality and justice has developed throughout history and is existent now more than ever.…
Capital punishment has been in force for centuries and there are many forms, some are still administered today. Socrates was condemned to death and chose to execute himself by partaking of a deadly mouthful of poison. Slaves who were condemned to death would be beaten to death. Some methods over the centuries of execution of criminals were meant to apply tremendous pain and suffering. Back in medieval times the thief would be chained to heavy cartwheels and rolled around the streets where they were battered with stones and eventually crushed to death. Many others suffered a slow and agonizing death through strangulation. Then there were the executions that few have been aware of and are most likely one of the cruelest of all were the ones of a person convicted of patricide. They would be “tied to a sack with a cockerel, a poisonous snake and a dog, and then thrown into the river, or sea.” (Jerome, 2012).…
In his essay, “Bring Back Flogging,” Jeff Jacoby, believes that criminals who commit crimes should be flogged publically instead of being thrown in prison. Jacoby believes that prison has become society’s punishment for almost every offense in the criminal code. He insisted instead of putting people in prison for minor offences, he believes that they should be flogged publically to teach them a lesson. Jacoby believes that this form of punishment was used effectively in the 1600’s by the puritans. I cannot fully accept Jacoby’s thesis because, although he makes valid points about the weaknesses in our prison system, he does not give strong enough arguments about how his plan will solve these problems.…
acceptable and begins to compare imprisonment, the current form of punishment, to flogging. Imprisonment, according to Jacoby, is not only ineffective, but too expensive. Jacoby states facts like the 250 percent increase since 1980 in prison inmates, and 300,000 dollar cost of each inmate that help to prove that imprisonment is expensive (193). Next, he praises the use of flogging by pointing out how ineffective flogging could be in terms of…
In “Bring Back Flogging”, Jeff Jacoby addresses the problems within America 's criminal justice system. He gives many reasons why imprisonment simply does not work, and suggests that corporal punishment should be used as an alternative. Published in the Boston Globe, a newspaper well known for being liberal, Jacoby provides a conservative view and directs his argument towards those who strongly support imprisonment and view corporal punishment to be highly barbaric and inhumane. However, in order to shed light on our current situation, Jacoby discusses the dangers that we face though our criminal justice system a nd shows concern that imprisonment is doing more harm than good. In effect, Jacoby looks to the past for solutions, and despite knowing the liberal views of his audience, refers to the Puritans ' use of flogging to display historical background of corporal punishment in America. Furthermore, Jacoby uses statistical data and refers to experts such as a Princeton criminologist and a former Supreme Court justice in order to further convince his audience. He makes an appeal to emotion by mentioning rape cases within prisons. Through effective rhetorical strategy, Jacoby argues that imprisonment contains too many flaws to be used in the American criminal justice system, and suggests flogging as an alternative.…
Jacoby 's claim in simple is he believes that flogging should be brought back to replace the more standard conventional method of the imprisonment of violent and non-violent offenders.…
Introduction Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is defined as the physical execution of a person by the state as punishment for a crime. The existence of the death penalty dates as early as the eighteenth century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon. The code outlines twenty-five different crimes for which the death penalty was applied. At this time, the means by which the death penalty was enacted included crucifixion, drowning, beating to death, burning alive, and impalement. However, by the tenth century A.D., hanging became the primary execution method in Britain.…
In his article “Bring Back Flogging,” Jeff Jacoby advocates flogging as an excellent means of corporal punishment. Even though flogging has been “out of fashion for at least 150 years” he insists that flogging should be brought back to replace the more conventional method of imprisonment (193). In addition, Jacoby is convinced that flogging offenders after their first conviction can deter them from going into a professional criminal career and has more educational value than putting criminals behind bars. Furthermore, he insists that “sentencing at least some criminals say, thieves and drunk drivers to a public whipping” (194) will encourage offenders to change their behavior after being flogged. Although Jacoby tries to present flogging as a more effective alternative than putting criminals in jail, his faulty assumptions and misconceptions fail to persuade readers that flogging is a better alternative.…
The use of punishment in the American corrections system is crucial to our criminal justice system. The United States has the largest inmate population in the world, with more than 2 million in prisons or jails. (Whyte & Baker, 2000). In earlier days there were several punishment options one which was public shaming. By imposing this punishment, it was with the hope that the punishment would prevent the accused from committing future crimes. We have progressed through history in our punishment options for severe crimes from public hangings of the old days, to the electric chair and now lethal injection. Regardless of what form of punishment is used, it serves its purpose to ensure that criminals receive their fair punishment.…
The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. King Hammurabi of Babylon codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes. Many deaths were executed by crucifixion, drowning, beating to death, burning alive, and impalement (DPIC 1). Many years later, in the tenth century A.D., Britain started using hanging…
For almost 400 years, America has used the death penalty. As European settlers came into the new world, they shared the practice of capital punishment. Although many settlers came from various countries, Britain had a strong influence over America to use the death penalty. From colony to colony, the death penalty law varies. In 1608, the first recorded person executed was Captain George Kendall. He was convicted of being a spy for Spain. It’s on record in 1630, Massachusetts Bay Colony had its first…
Capital punishment, known as the death penalty is punishment by death and is reserved for the most heinous of crimes. The first known death penalty execution in what would later become the United States, was in 1608, when Captain George Kendell was executed by firing squad for being a spy for Spain (Waksman, 2012).…